#define FIRST // FIRST ADMIN FIXED SLIDING CONCUR TOKEN FIXED2 JWT
#if NEVER
#elif FIXED
// <snippet_fixed>
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.RateLimiting;
using System.Threading.RateLimiting;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

builder.Services.AddRateLimiter(_ => _
    .AddFixedWindowLimiter(policyName: "fixed", options =>
    {
        options.PermitLimit = 4;
        options.Window = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(12);
        options.QueueProcessingOrder = QueueProcessingOrder.OldestFirst;
        options.QueueLimit = 2;
    }));

var app = builder.Build();

app.UseRateLimiter();

static string GetTicks() => (DateTime.Now.Ticks & 0x11111).ToString("00000");

app.MapGet("/", () => Results.Ok($"Hello {GetTicks()}"))
                           .RequireRateLimiting("fixed");

app.Run();
// </snippet_fixed>
#elif FIXED2
// <snippet_fixed2>
using System.Threading.RateLimiting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.RateLimiting;
using WebRateLimitAuth.Models;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.Services.Configure<MyRateLimitOptions>(
    builder.Configuration.GetSection(MyRateLimitOptions.MyRateLimit));

var myOptions = new MyRateLimitOptions();
builder.Configuration.GetSection(MyRateLimitOptions.MyRateLimit).Bind(myOptions);
var fixedPolicy = "fixed";

builder.Services.AddRateLimiter(_ => _
    .AddFixedWindowLimiter(policyName: fixedPolicy, options =>
    {
        options.PermitLimit = myOptions.PermitLimit;
        options.Window = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(myOptions.Window);
        options.QueueProcessingOrder = QueueProcessingOrder.OldestFirst;
        options.QueueLimit = myOptions.QueueLimit;
    }));

var app = builder.Build();

app.UseRateLimiter();

static string GetTicks() => (DateTime.Now.Ticks & 0x11111).ToString("00000");

app.MapGet("/", () => Results.Ok($"Fixed Window Limiter {GetTicks()}"))
                           .RequireRateLimiting(fixedPolicy);

app.Run();
// </snippet_fixed2>
#elif SLIDING
// <snippet_slide>
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.RateLimiting;
using System.Threading.RateLimiting;
using WebRateLimitAuth.Models;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

var myOptions = new MyRateLimitOptions();
builder.Configuration.GetSection(MyRateLimitOptions.MyRateLimit).Bind(myOptions);
var slidingPolicy = "sliding";

builder.Services.AddRateLimiter(_ => _
    .AddSlidingWindowLimiter(policyName: slidingPolicy, options =>
    {
        options.PermitLimit = myOptions.PermitLimit;
        options.Window = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(myOptions.Window);
        options.SegmentsPerWindow = myOptions.SegmentsPerWindow;
        options.QueueProcessingOrder = QueueProcessingOrder.OldestFirst;
        options.QueueLimit = myOptions.QueueLimit;
    }));

var app = builder.Build();

app.UseRateLimiter();

static string GetTicks() => (DateTime.Now.Ticks & 0x11111).ToString("00000");

app.MapGet("/", () => Results.Ok($"Sliding Window Limiter {GetTicks()}"))
                           .RequireRateLimiting(slidingPolicy);

app.Run();
// </snippet_slide>
#elif CONCUR
// Quick test 10 users, 9 seconds -> 982 requests, 900 errors
// <snippet_concur>
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.RateLimiting;
using System.Threading.RateLimiting;
using WebRateLimitAuth.Models;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

var concurrencyPolicy = "Concurrency";
var myOptions = new MyRateLimitOptions();
builder.Configuration.GetSection(MyRateLimitOptions.MyRateLimit).Bind(myOptions);

builder.Services.AddRateLimiter(_ => _
    .AddConcurrencyLimiter(policyName: concurrencyPolicy, options =>
    {
        options.PermitLimit = myOptions.PermitLimit;
        options.QueueProcessingOrder = QueueProcessingOrder.OldestFirst;
        options.QueueLimit = myOptions.QueueLimit;
    }));

var app = builder.Build();

app.UseRateLimiter();

static string GetTicks() => (DateTime.Now.Ticks & 0x11111).ToString("00000");

app.MapGet("/", async () =>
{
    await Task.Delay(500);
    return Results.Ok($"Concurrency Limiter {GetTicks()}");
                              
}).RequireRateLimiting(concurrencyPolicy);

app.Run();
// </snippet_concur>
#elif TOKEN
// Quick test 20 users, 20 seconds -> 8965 requests 2,250 errors
// <snippet_token>
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.RateLimiting;
using System.Threading.RateLimiting;
using WebRateLimitAuth.Models;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

var tokenPolicy = "token";
var myOptions = new MyRateLimitOptions();
builder.Configuration.GetSection(MyRateLimitOptions.MyRateLimit).Bind(myOptions);

builder.Services.AddRateLimiter(_ => _
    .AddTokenBucketLimiter(policyName: tokenPolicy, options =>
    {
        options.TokenLimit = myOptions.TokenLimit;
        options.QueueProcessingOrder = QueueProcessingOrder.OldestFirst;
        options.QueueLimit = myOptions.QueueLimit;
        options.ReplenishmentPeriod = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(myOptions.ReplenishmentPeriod);
        options.TokensPerPeriod = myOptions.TokensPerPeriod;
        options.AutoReplenishment = myOptions.AutoReplenishment;
    }));

var app = builder.Build();

app.UseRateLimiter();

static string GetTicks() => (DateTime.Now.Ticks & 0x11111).ToString("00000");

app.MapGet("/", () => Results.Ok($"Token Limiter {GetTicks()}"))
                           .RequireRateLimiting(tokenPolicy);

app.Run();
// </snippet_token>
#elif FIRST
// <snippet_1>
// <snippet>
// Preceding code removed for brevity.
using System.Globalization;
using System.Net;
using System.Threading.RateLimiting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using WebRateLimitAuth;
using WebRateLimitAuth.Data;
using WebRateLimitAuth.Models;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

var connectionString = builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection") ??
    throw new InvalidOperationException("Connection string 'DefaultConnection' not found.");
builder.Services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
    options.UseSqlServer(connectionString));
builder.Services.AddDatabaseDeveloperPageExceptionFilter();

builder.Services.AddDefaultIdentity<IdentityUser>(options => options.SignIn.RequireConfirmedAccount = true)
    .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>();

builder.Services.Configure<MyRateLimitOptions>(
    builder.Configuration.GetSection(MyRateLimitOptions.MyRateLimit));

builder.Services.AddRazorPages();
builder.Services.AddControllersWithViews();

var userPolicyName = "user";
var helloPolicy = "hello";
var myOptions = new MyRateLimitOptions();
builder.Configuration.GetSection(MyRateLimitOptions.MyRateLimit).Bind(myOptions);

builder.Services.AddRateLimiter(limiterOptions =>
{
    limiterOptions.OnRejected = (context, cancellationToken) =>
    {
        if (context.Lease.TryGetMetadata(MetadataName.RetryAfter, out var retryAfter))
        {
            context.HttpContext.Response.Headers.RetryAfter =
                ((int) retryAfter.TotalSeconds).ToString(NumberFormatInfo.InvariantInfo);
        }

        context.HttpContext.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status429TooManyRequests;
        context.HttpContext.RequestServices.GetService<ILoggerFactory>()?
            .CreateLogger("Microsoft.AspNetCore.RateLimitingMiddleware")
            .LogWarning("OnRejected: {GetUserEndPoint}", GetUserEndPoint(context.HttpContext));

        return new ValueTask();
    };

    limiterOptions.AddPolicy<string, SampleRateLimiterPolicy>(helloPolicy);
    limiterOptions.AddPolicy(userPolicyName, context =>
    {
        var username = "anonymous user";
        if (context.User.Identity?.IsAuthenticated is true)
        {
            username = context.User.ToString()!;
        }

        return RateLimitPartition.GetSlidingWindowLimiter(username,
            _ => new SlidingWindowRateLimiterOptions
            {
                PermitLimit = myOptions.PermitLimit,
                QueueProcessingOrder = QueueProcessingOrder.OldestFirst,
                QueueLimit = myOptions.QueueLimit,
                Window = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(myOptions.Window),
                SegmentsPerWindow = myOptions.SegmentsPerWindow
            });

    });
    
    limiterOptions.GlobalLimiter = PartitionedRateLimiter.Create<HttpContext, IPAddress>(context =>
    {
        IPAddress? remoteIpAddress = context.Connection.RemoteIpAddress;

        if (!IPAddress.IsLoopback(remoteIpAddress!))
        {
            return RateLimitPartition.GetTokenBucketLimiter
            (remoteIpAddress!, _ =>
                new TokenBucketRateLimiterOptions
                {
                    TokenLimit = myOptions.TokenLimit2,
                    QueueProcessingOrder = QueueProcessingOrder.OldestFirst,
                    QueueLimit = myOptions.QueueLimit,
                    ReplenishmentPeriod = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(myOptions.ReplenishmentPeriod),
                    TokensPerPeriod = myOptions.TokensPerPeriod,
                    AutoReplenishment = myOptions.AutoReplenishment
                });
        }

        return RateLimitPartition.GetNoLimiter(IPAddress.Loopback);
    });
});

var app = builder.Build();

if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
    app.UseMigrationsEndPoint();
}
else
{
    app.UseExceptionHandler("/Error");
    app.UseHsts();
}

app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseStaticFiles();

app.UseRouting();
app.UseRateLimiter();

app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();

app.MapRazorPages().RequireRateLimiting(userPolicyName);
app.MapDefaultControllerRoute();

static string GetUserEndPoint(HttpContext context) =>
   $"User {context.User.Identity?.Name ?? "Anonymous"} endpoint:{context.Request.Path}"
   + $" {context.Connection.RemoteIpAddress}";
static string GetTicks() => (DateTime.Now.Ticks & 0x11111).ToString("00000");

app.MapGet("/a", (HttpContext context) => $"{GetUserEndPoint(context)} {GetTicks()}")
    .RequireRateLimiting(userPolicyName);

app.MapGet("/b", (HttpContext context) => $"{GetUserEndPoint(context)} {GetTicks()}")
    .RequireRateLimiting(helloPolicy);

app.MapGet("/c", (HttpContext context) => $"{GetUserEndPoint(context)} {GetTicks()}");

app.Run();
// </snippet>
// </snippet_1>
#elif ADMIN
// <snippet_adm>
using System.Threading.RateLimiting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.RateLimiting;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Primitives;
using WebRateLimitAuth.Data;
using WebRateLimitAuth.Models;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

var connectionString = builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection") 
    ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Connection string 'DefaultConnection' not found.");
builder.Services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
    options.UseSqlServer(connectionString));
builder.Services.AddDatabaseDeveloperPageExceptionFilter();

builder.Services.AddDefaultIdentity<IdentityUser>(options => 
                  options.SignIn.RequireConfirmedAccount = true)
    .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>();

builder.Services.AddRazorPages();
builder.Services.AddControllersWithViews();

// <snippet_adm2>
var getPolicyName = "get";
var postPolicyName = "post";
var myOptions = new MyRateLimitOptions();
builder.Configuration.GetSection(MyRateLimitOptions.MyRateLimit).Bind(myOptions);

builder.Services.AddRateLimiter(_ => _
    .AddConcurrencyLimiter(policyName: getPolicyName, options =>
    {
        options.PermitLimit = myOptions.PermitLimit;
        options.QueueProcessingOrder = QueueProcessingOrder.OldestFirst;
        options.QueueLimit = myOptions.QueueLimit;
    })
    .AddPolicy(policyName: postPolicyName, partitioner: httpContext =>
    {
        string userName = httpContext.User.Identity?.Name ?? string.Empty;

        if (!StringValues.IsNullOrEmpty(userName))
        {
            return RateLimitPartition.GetTokenBucketLimiter(userName, _ =>
                new TokenBucketRateLimiterOptions
                {
                    TokenLimit = myOptions.TokenLimit2,
                    QueueProcessingOrder = QueueProcessingOrder.OldestFirst,
                    QueueLimit = myOptions.QueueLimit,
                    ReplenishmentPeriod = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(myOptions.ReplenishmentPeriod),
                    TokensPerPeriod = myOptions.TokensPerPeriod,
                    AutoReplenishment = myOptions.AutoReplenishment
                });
        }

        return RateLimitPartition.GetTokenBucketLimiter("Anon", _ =>
            new TokenBucketRateLimiterOptions
            {
                TokenLimit = myOptions.TokenLimit,
                QueueProcessingOrder = QueueProcessingOrder.OldestFirst,
                QueueLimit = myOptions.QueueLimit,
                ReplenishmentPeriod = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(myOptions.ReplenishmentPeriod),
                TokensPerPeriod = myOptions.TokensPerPeriod,
                AutoReplenishment = true
            });
    }));
// </snippet_adm2>

var app = builder.Build();

if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
    app.UseMigrationsEndPoint();
}
else
{
    app.UseExceptionHandler("/Error");
    app.UseHsts();
}

app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseStaticFiles();

app.UseRouting();
app.UseRateLimiter();

app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();

static string GetUserEndPointMethod(HttpContext context) =>
    $"Hello {context.User.Identity?.Name ?? "Anonymous"} " +
    $"Endpoint:{context.Request.Path} Method: {context.Request.Method}";

app.MapGet("/test", (HttpContext context) => $"{GetUserEndPointMethod(context)}")
                                        .RequireRateLimiting(getPolicyName);

app.MapRazorPages().RequireRateLimiting(getPolicyName)
                   .RequireRateLimiting(postPolicyName);

app.MapDefaultControllerRoute();

app.Run();
// </snippet_adm>
#elif JWT
// <snippet_jwt>
using System.Threading.RateLimiting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Primitives;
using WebRateLimitAuth.Models;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

builder.Services.AddAuthorization();
builder.Services.AddAuthentication("Bearer").AddJwtBearer();

var myOptions = new MyRateLimitOptions();
builder.Configuration.GetSection(MyRateLimitOptions.MyRateLimit).Bind(myOptions);
var jwtPolicyName = "jwt";

builder.Services.AddRateLimiter(limiterOptions =>
{
    limiterOptions.RejectionStatusCode = StatusCodes.Status429TooManyRequests;
    limiterOptions.AddPolicy(policyName: jwtPolicyName, partitioner: httpContext =>
    {
        var accessToken = httpContext.Features.Get<IAuthenticateResultFeature>()?
                              .AuthenticateResult?.Properties?.GetTokenValue("access_token")?.ToString()
                          ?? string.Empty;

        if (!StringValues.IsNullOrEmpty(accessToken))
        {
            return RateLimitPartition.GetTokenBucketLimiter(accessToken, _ =>
                new TokenBucketRateLimiterOptions
                {
                    TokenLimit = myOptions.TokenLimit2,
                    QueueProcessingOrder = QueueProcessingOrder.OldestFirst,
                    QueueLimit = myOptions.QueueLimit,
                    ReplenishmentPeriod = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(myOptions.ReplenishmentPeriod),
                    TokensPerPeriod = myOptions.TokensPerPeriod,
                    AutoReplenishment = myOptions.AutoReplenishment
                });
        }

        return RateLimitPartition.GetTokenBucketLimiter("Anon", _ =>
            new TokenBucketRateLimiterOptions
            {
                TokenLimit = myOptions.TokenLimit,
                QueueProcessingOrder = QueueProcessingOrder.OldestFirst,
                QueueLimit = myOptions.QueueLimit,
                ReplenishmentPeriod = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(myOptions.ReplenishmentPeriod),
                TokensPerPeriod = myOptions.TokensPerPeriod,
                AutoReplenishment = true
            });
    });
});

var app = builder.Build();

app.UseAuthorization();
app.UseRateLimiter();

app.MapGet("/", () => "Hello, World!");

app.MapGet("/jwt", (HttpContext context) => $"Hello {GetUserEndPointMethod(context)}")
    .RequireRateLimiting(jwtPolicyName)
    .RequireAuthorization();

app.MapPost("/post", (HttpContext context) => $"Hello {GetUserEndPointMethod(context)}")
    .RequireRateLimiting(jwtPolicyName)
    .RequireAuthorization();

app.Run();

static string GetUserEndPointMethod(HttpContext context) =>
    $"Hello {context.User.Identity?.Name ?? "Anonymous"} " +
    $"Endpoint:{context.Request.Path} Method: {context.Request.Method}";
// </snippet_jwt>
#endif