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Troubleshoot ASP.NET Core on IIS guardrex Learn how to diagnose problems with Internet Information Services (IIS) deployments of ASP.NET Core apps. riande mvc 12/18/2018 host-and-deploy/iis/troubleshoot

Troubleshoot ASP.NET Core on IIS

By Luke Latham

This article provides instructions on how to diagnose an ASP.NET Core app startup issue when hosting with Internet Information Services (IIS). The information in this article applies to hosting in IIS on Windows Server and Windows Desktop.

::: moniker range=">= aspnetcore-2.2"

In Visual Studio, an ASP.NET Core project defaults to IIS Express hosting during debugging. A 502.5 - Process Failure or a 500.30 - Start Failure that occurs when debugging locally can be troubleshooted using the advice in this topic.

::: moniker-end

::: moniker range="< aspnetcore-2.2"

In Visual Studio, an ASP.NET Core project defaults to IIS Express hosting during debugging. A 502.5 Process Failure that occurs when debugging locally can be troubleshooted using the advice in this topic.

::: moniker-end

Additional troubleshooting topics:

xref:host-and-deploy/azure-apps/troubleshoot
Although App Service uses the ASP.NET Core Module and IIS to host apps, see the dedicated topic for instructions specific to App Service.

xref:fundamentals/error-handling
Discover how to handle errors in ASP.NET Core apps during development on a local system.

Learn to debug using Visual Studio
This topic introduces the features of the Visual Studio debugger.

Debugging with Visual Studio Code
Learn about the debugging support built into Visual Studio Code.

App startup errors

502.5 Process Failure

The worker process fails. The app doesn't start.

The ASP.NET Core Module attempts to start the backend dotnet process but it fails to start. The cause of a process startup failure can usually be determined from entries in the Application Event Log and the ASP.NET Core Module stdout log.

A common failure condition is the app is misconfigured due to targeting a version of the ASP.NET Core shared framework that isn't present. Check which versions of the ASP.NET Core shared framework are installed on the target machine.

The 502.5 Process Failure error page is returned when a hosting or app misconfiguration causes the worker process to fail:

Browser window showing the 502.5 Process Failure page

::: moniker range=">= aspnetcore-2.2"

500.30 In-Process Startup Failure

The worker process fails. The app doesn't start.

The ASP.NET Core Module attempts to start the .NET Core CLR in-process, but it fails to start. The cause of a process startup failure can usually be determined from entries in the Application Event Log and the ASP.NET Core Module stdout log.

A common failure condition is the app is misconfigured due to targeting a version of the ASP.NET Core shared framework that isn't present. Check which versions of the ASP.NET Core shared framework are installed on the target machine.

500.0 In-Process Handler Load Failure

The worker process fails. The app doesn't start.

The ASP.NET Core Module fails to find the .NET Core CLR and find the in-process request handler (aspnetcorev2_inprocess.dll). Check that:

500.0 Out-Of-Process Handler Load Failure

The worker process fails. The app doesn't start.

The ASP.NET Core Module fails to find the out-of-process hosting request handler. Make sure the aspnetcorev2_outofprocess.dll is present in a subfolder next to aspnetcorev2.dll.

::: moniker-end

500 Internal Server Error

The app starts, but an error prevents the server from fulfilling the request.

This error occurs within the app's code during startup or while creating a response. The response may contain no content, or the response may appear as a 500 Internal Server Error in the browser. The Application Event Log usually states that the app started normally. From the server's perspective, that's correct. The app did start, but it can't generate a valid response. Run the app at a command prompt on the server or enable the ASP.NET Core Module stdout log to troubleshoot the problem.

Failed to start application (ErrorCode '0x800700c1')

EventID: 1010
Source: IIS AspNetCore Module V2
Failed to start application '/LM/W3SVC/6/ROOT/', ErrorCode '0x800700c1'.

The app failed to start because the app's assembly (.dll) couldn't be loaded.

This error occurs when there's a bitness mismatch between the published app and the w3wp/iisexpress process.

Confirm that the app pool's 32-bit setting is correct:

  1. Select the app pool in IIS Manager's Application Pools.
  2. Select Advanced Settings under Edit Application Pool in the Actions panel.
  3. Set Enable 32-Bit Applications:
    • If deploying a 32-bit (x86) app, set the value to True.
    • If deploying a 64-bit (x64) app, set the value to False.

Connection reset

If an error occurs after the headers are sent, it's too late for the server to send a 500 Internal Server Error when an error occurs. This often happens when an error occurs during the serialization of complex objects for a response. This type of error appears as a connection reset error on the client. Application logging can help troubleshoot these types of errors.

Default startup limits

The ASP.NET Core Module is configured with a default startupTimeLimit of 120 seconds. When left at the default value, an app may take up to two minutes to start before the module logs a process failure. For information on configuring the module, see Attributes of the aspNetCore element.

Troubleshoot app startup errors

Enable the ASP.NET Core Module debug log

Add the following handler settings to the app's web.config file to enable ASP.NET Core Module debug logs:

<aspNetCore ...>
  <handlerSettings>
    <handlerSetting name="debugLevel" value="file" />
    <handlerSetting name="debugFile" value="c:\temp\ancm.log" />
  </handlerSettings>
</aspNetCore>

Confirm that the path specified for the log exists and that the app pool's identity has write permissions to the location.

Application Event Log

Access the Application Event Log:

  1. Open the Start menu, search for Event Viewer, and then select the Event Viewer app.
  2. In Event Viewer, open the Windows Logs node.
  3. Select Application to open the Application Event Log.
  4. Search for errors associated with the failing app. Errors have a value of IIS AspNetCore Module or IIS Express AspNetCore Module in the Source column.

Run the app at a command prompt

Many startup errors don't produce useful information in the Application Event Log. You can find the cause of some errors by running the app at a command prompt on the hosting system.

Framework-dependent deployment

If the app is a framework-dependent deployment:

  1. At a command prompt, navigate to the deployment folder and run the app by executing the app's assembly with dotnet.exe. In the following command, substitute the name of the app's assembly for <assembly_name>: dotnet .\<assembly_name>.dll.
  2. The console output from the app, showing any errors, is written to the console window.
  3. If the errors occur when making a request to the app, make a request to the host and port where Kestrel listens. Using the default host and post, make a request to http://localhost:5000/. If the app responds normally at the Kestrel endpoint address, the problem is more likely related to the hosting configuration and less likely within the app.

Self-contained deployment

If the app is a self-contained deployment:

  1. At a command prompt, navigate to the deployment folder and run the app's executable. In the following command, substitute the name of the app's assembly for <assembly_name>: <assembly_name>.exe.
  2. The console output from the app, showing any errors, is written to the console window.
  3. If the errors occur when making a request to the app, make a request to the host and port where Kestrel listens. Using the default host and post, make a request to http://localhost:5000/. If the app responds normally at the Kestrel endpoint address, the problem is more likely related to the hosting configuration and less likely within the app.

ASP.NET Core Module stdout log

To enable and view stdout logs:

  1. Navigate to the site's deployment folder on the hosting system.
  2. If the logs folder isn't present, create the folder. For instructions on how to enable MSBuild to create the logs folder in the deployment automatically, see the Directory structure topic.
  3. Edit the web.config file. Set stdoutLogEnabled to true and change the stdoutLogFile path to point to the logs folder (for example, .\logs\stdout). stdout in the path is the log file name prefix. A timestamp, process id, and file extension are added automatically when the log is created. Using stdout as the file name prefix, a typical log file is named stdout_20180205184032_5412.log.
  4. Ensure your application pool's identity has write permissions to the logs folder.
  5. Save the updated web.config file.
  6. Make a request to the app.
  7. Navigate to the logs folder. Find and open the most recent stdout log.
  8. Study the log for errors.

[!IMPORTANT] Disable stdout logging when troubleshooting is complete.

  1. Edit the web.config file.
  2. Set stdoutLogEnabled to false.
  3. Save the file.

[!WARNING] Failure to disable the stdout log can lead to app or server failure. There's no limit on log file size or the number of log files created.

For routine logging in an ASP.NET Core app, use a logging library that limits log file size and rotates logs. For more information, see third-party logging providers.

Enable the Developer Exception Page

The ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT environment variable can be added to web.config to run the app in the Development environment. As long as the environment isn't overridden in app startup by UseEnvironment on the host builder, setting the environment variable allows the Developer Exception Page to appear when the app is run.

::: moniker range=">= aspnetcore-2.2"

<aspNetCore processPath="dotnet"
      arguments=".\MyApp.dll"
      stdoutLogEnabled="false"
      stdoutLogFile=".\logs\stdout"
      hostingModel="InProcess">
  <environmentVariables>
    <environmentVariable name="ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT" value="Development" />
  </environmentVariables>
</aspNetCore>

::: moniker-end

::: moniker range="< aspnetcore-2.2"

<aspNetCore processPath="dotnet"
      arguments=".\MyApp.dll"
      stdoutLogEnabled="false"
      stdoutLogFile=".\logs\stdout">
  <environmentVariables>
    <environmentVariable name="ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT" value="Development" />
  </environmentVariables>
</aspNetCore>

::: moniker-end

Setting the environment variable for ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT is only recommended for use on staging and testing servers that aren't exposed to the Internet. Remove the environment variable from the web.config file after troubleshooting. For information on setting environment variables in web.config, see environmentVariables child element of aspNetCore.

Common startup errors

See xref:host-and-deploy/azure-iis-errors-reference. Most of the common problems that prevent app startup are covered in the reference topic.

Obtain data from an app

If an app is capable of responding to requests, obtain request, connection, and additional data from the app using terminal inline middleware. For more information and sample code, see xref:test/troubleshoot#obtain-data-from-an-app.

Slow or hanging app

When an app responds slowly or hangs on a request, obtain and analyze a dump file. Dump files can be obtained using any of the following tools:

Remote debugging

See Remote Debug ASP.NET Core on a Remote IIS Computer in Visual Studio 2017 in the Visual Studio documentation.

Application Insights

Application Insights provides telemetry from apps hosted by IIS, including error logging and reporting features. Application Insights can only report on errors that occur after the app starts when the app's logging features become available. For more information, see Application Insights for ASP.NET Core.

Additional advice

Sometimes a functioning app fails immediately after upgrading either the .NET Core SDK on the development machine or package versions within the app. In some cases, incoherent packages may break an app when performing major upgrades. Most of these issues can be fixed by following these instructions:

  1. Delete the bin and obj folders.
  2. Clear the package caches at %UserProfile%\.nuget\packages and %LocalAppData%\Nuget\v3-cache.
  3. Restore and rebuild the project.
  4. Confirm that the prior deployment on the server has been completely deleted prior to redeploying the app.

[!TIP] A convenient way to clear package caches is to execute dotnet nuget locals all --clear from a command prompt.

Clearing package caches can also be accomplished by using the nuget.exe tool and executing the command nuget locals all -clear. nuget.exe isn't a bundled install with the Windows desktop operating system and must be obtained separately from the NuGet website.

Additional resources