daohualiuxiang
/
AspNetCore.Docs
mirror of https://github.com/dotnet/AspNetCore.Docs.git
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity
AspNetCore.Docs/aspnetcore/security/authentication/identity.md

23 KiB
Raw Blame History

title author description monikerRange ms.author ms.date uid
Introduction to Identity on ASP.NET Core rick-anderson Use Identity with an ASP.NET Core app. Learn how to set password requirements (RequireDigit, RequiredLength, RequiredUniqueChars, and more). >= aspnetcore-3.0 riande 04/26/2024 security/authentication/identity

Introduction to Identity on ASP.NET Core

:::moniker range=">= aspnetcore-6.0"

By Rick Anderson

ASP.NET Core Identity:

  • Is an API that supports user interface (UI) login functionality.
  • Manages users, passwords, profile data, roles, claims, tokens, email confirmation, and more.

Users can create an account with the login information stored in Identity or they can use an external login provider. Supported external login providers include Facebook, Google, Microsoft Account, and Twitter.

[!INCLUDE]

The Identity source code is available on GitHub. Scaffold Identity and view the generated files to review the template interaction with Identity.

Identity is typically configured using a SQL Server database to store user names, passwords, and profile data. Alternatively, another persistent store can be used, for example, Azure Table Storage.

In this topic, you learn how to use Identity to register, log in, and log out a user. Note: the templates treat username and email as the same for users. For more detailed instructions about creating apps that use Identity, see Next Steps.

ASP.NET Core Identity isn't related to the Microsoft identity platform. Microsoft identity platform is:

  • An evolution of the Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) developer platform.
  • An alternative identity solution for authentication and authorization in ASP.NET Core apps.

[!INCLUDE]

View or download the sample code (how to download).

Create a Web app with authentication

Create an ASP.NET Core Web Application project with Individual User Accounts.

Visual Studio

  • Select the ASP.NET Core Web App template. Name the project WebApp1 to have the same namespace as the project download. Click OK.
  • In the Authentication type input, select Individual User Accounts.

.NET CLI

dotnet new webapp --auth Individual -o WebApp1

The preceding command creates a Razor web app using SQLite. To create the web app with LocalDB, run the following command:

dotnet new webapp --auth Individual -uld -o WebApp1

The generated project provides ASP.NET Core Identity as a Razor class library. The Identity Razor class library exposes endpoints with the Identity area. For example:

  • /Identity/Account/Login
  • /Identity/Account/Logout
  • /Identity/Account/Manage

Apply migrations

Apply the migrations to initialize the database.

Visual Studio

Run the following command in the Package Manager Console (PMC):

Update-Database

.NET CLI

Migrations are not necessary at this step when using SQLite.

[!INCLUDE more information on the CLI for EF Core]

For LocalDB, run the following command:

dotnet ef database update

Test Register and Login

Run the app and register a user. Depending on your screen size, you might need to select the navigation toggle button to see the Register and Login links.

[!INCLUDE]

Configure Identity services

Services are added in Program.cs. The typical pattern is to call methods in the following order:

  1. Add{Service}
  2. builder.Services.Configure{Service}

[!code-csharp]

The preceding code configures Identity with default option values. Services are made available to the app through dependency injection.

Identity is enabled by calling xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder.AuthAppBuilderExtensions.UseAuthentication%2A. UseAuthentication adds authentication middleware to the request pipeline.

The template-generated app doesn't use authorization. app.UseAuthorization is included to ensure it's added in the correct order should the app add authorization. UseRouting, UseAuthentication, and UseAuthorization must be called in the order shown in the preceding code.

For more information on IdentityOptions, see xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityOptions and Application Startup.

Scaffold Register, Login, LogOut, and RegisterConfirmation

Visual Studio

Add the Register, Login, LogOut, and RegisterConfirmation files. Follow the Scaffold identity into a Razor project with authorization instructions to generate the code shown in this section.

.NET CLI

If you created the project with name WebApp1, and you're not using SQLite, run the following commands. Otherwise, use the correct namespace for the ApplicationDbContext:

dotnet add package Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Design
dotnet aspnet-codegenerator identity -dc WebApp1.Data.ApplicationDbContext --files "Account.Register;Account.Login;Account.Logout;Account.RegisterConfirmation"

When using SQLite, append --useSqLite or -sqlite:

dotnet aspnet-codegenerator identity -dc WebApp1.Data.ApplicationDbContext --files "Account.Register;Account.Login;Account.Logout;Account.RegisterConfirmation" --useSqLite

PowerShell uses semicolon as a command separator. When using PowerShell, escape the semicolons in the file list or put the file list in double quotes, as the preceding example shows.

For more information on scaffolding Identity, see Scaffold identity into a Razor project with authorization.

Examine Register

When a user clicks the Register button on the Register page, the RegisterModel.OnPostAsync action is invoked. The user is created by xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.UserManager%601.CreateAsync(%600) on the _userManager object:

[!code-csharp]

[!INCLUDE]

Log in

The Login form is displayed when:

  • The Log in link is selected.
  • A user attempts to access a restricted page that they aren't authorized to access or when they haven't been authenticated by the system.

When the form on the Login page is submitted, the OnPostAsync action is called. PasswordSignInAsync is called on the _signInManager object.

[!code-csharp]

For information on how to make authorization decisions, see xref:security/authorization/introduction.

Log out

The Log out link invokes the LogoutModel.OnPost action.

[!code-csharp]

In the preceding code, the code return RedirectToPage(); needs to be a redirect so that the browser performs a new request and the identity for the user gets updated.

xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.SignInManager%601.SignOutAsync%2A clears the user's claims stored in a cookie.

Post is specified in the Pages/Shared/_LoginPartial.cshtml:

[!code-cshtml]

Test Identity

The default web project templates allow anonymous access to the home pages. To test Identity, add [Authorize]:

[!code-csharp]

If you are signed in, sign out. Run the app and select the Privacy link. You are redirected to the login page.

Explore Identity

To explore Identity in more detail:

Identity Components

All the Identity-dependent NuGet packages are included in the ASP.NET Core shared framework.

The primary package for Identity is Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity. This package contains the core set of interfaces for ASP.NET Core Identity, and is included by Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.EntityFrameworkCore.

Migrating to ASP.NET Core Identity

For more information and guidance on migrating your existing Identity store, see Migrate Authentication and Identity.

Setting password strength

See Configuration for a sample that sets the minimum password requirements.

AddDefaultIdentity and AddIdentity

xref:Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.IdentityServiceCollectionUIExtensions.AddDefaultIdentity%2A was introduced in ASP.NET Core 2.1. Calling AddDefaultIdentity is similar to calling the following:

See AddDefaultIdentity source for more information.

Prevent publish of static Identity assets

To prevent publishing static Identity assets (stylesheets and JavaScript files for Identity UI) to the web root, add the following ResolveStaticWebAssetsInputsDependsOn property and RemoveIdentityAssets target to the app's project file:

<PropertyGroup>
  <ResolveStaticWebAssetsInputsDependsOn>RemoveIdentityAssets</ResolveStaticWebAssetsInputsDependsOn>
</PropertyGroup>

<Target Name="RemoveIdentityAssets">
  <ItemGroup>
    <StaticWebAsset Remove="@(StaticWebAsset)" Condition="%(SourceId) == 'Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.UI'" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Target>

Next Steps

:::moniker-end

:::moniker range=">= aspnetcore-3.0 < aspnetcore-6.0"

By Rick Anderson

ASP.NET Core Identity:

  • Is an API that supports user interface (UI) login functionality.
  • Manages users, passwords, profile data, roles, claims, tokens, email confirmation, and more.

Users can create an account with the login information stored in Identity or they can use an external login provider. Supported external login providers include Facebook, Google, Microsoft Account, and Twitter.

[!INCLUDE]

The Identity source code is available on GitHub. Scaffold Identity and view the generated files to review the template interaction with Identity.

Identity is typically configured using a SQL Server database to store user names, passwords, and profile data. Alternatively, another persistent store can be used, for example, Azure Table Storage.

In this topic, you learn how to use Identity to register, log in, and log out a user. Note: the templates treat username and email as the same for users. For more detailed instructions about creating apps that use Identity, see Next Steps.

Microsoft identity platform is:

  • An evolution of the Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) developer platform.
  • An alternative identity solution for authentication and authorization in ASP.NET Core apps.
  • Not related to ASP.NET Core Identity.

[!INCLUDE]

View or download the sample code (how to download).

Create a Web app with authentication

Create an ASP.NET Core Web Application project with Individual User Accounts.

Visual Studio

  • Select File > New > Project.
  • Select ASP.NET Core Web Application. Name the project WebApp1 to have the same namespace as the project download. Click OK.
  • Select an ASP.NET Core Web Application, then select Change Authentication.
  • Select Individual User Accounts and click OK.

.NET CLI

dotnet new webapp --auth Individual -o WebApp1

The preceding command creates a Razor web app using SQLite. To create the web app with LocalDB, run the following command:

dotnet new webapp --auth Individual -uld -o WebApp1

The generated project provides ASP.NET Core Identity as a Razor class library. The Identity Razor class library exposes endpoints with the Identity area. For example:

  • /Identity/Account/Login
  • /Identity/Account/Logout
  • /Identity/Account/Manage

Apply migrations

Apply the migrations to initialize the database.

Visual Studio

Run the following command in the Package Manager Console (PMC):

PM> Update-Database

.NET CLI

Migrations are not necessary at this step when using SQLite.

[!INCLUDE more information on the CLI for EF Core]

For LocalDB, run the following command:

dotnet ef database update

Test Register and Login

Run the app and register a user. Depending on your screen size, you might need to select the navigation toggle button to see the Register and Login links.

[!INCLUDE]

Configure Identity services

Services are added in ConfigureServices. The typical pattern is to call all the Add{Service} methods, and then call all the services.Configure{Service} methods.

:::moniker-end

:::moniker range=">= aspnetcore-3.0 < aspnetcore-5.0"

[!code-csharp]

The preceding highlighted code configures Identity with default option values. Services are made available to the app through dependency injection.

Identity is enabled by calling xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder.AuthAppBuilderExtensions.UseAuthentication%2A. UseAuthentication adds authentication middleware to the request pipeline.

[!code-csharp]

:::moniker-end

:::moniker range=">= aspnetcore-5.0 < aspnetcore-6.0"

[!code-csharp]

The preceding code configures Identity with default option values. Services are made available to the app through dependency injection.

Identity is enabled by calling xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder.AuthAppBuilderExtensions.UseAuthentication%2A. UseAuthentication adds authentication middleware to the request pipeline.

[!code-csharp]

:::moniker-end

:::moniker range=">= aspnetcore-3.0 < aspnetcore-6.0"

The template-generated app doesn't use authorization. app.UseAuthorization is included to ensure it's added in the correct order should the app add authorization. UseRouting, UseAuthentication, UseAuthorization, and UseEndpoints must be called in the order shown in the preceding code.

For more information on IdentityOptions and Startup, see xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityOptions and Application Startup.

Scaffold Register, Login, LogOut, and RegisterConfirmation

Visual Studio

Add the Register, Login, LogOut, and RegisterConfirmation files. Follow the Scaffold identity into a Razor project with authorization instructions to generate the code shown in this section.

.NET CLI

If you created the project with name WebApp1, and you're not using SQLite, run the following commands. Otherwise, use the correct namespace for the ApplicationDbContext:

dotnet add package Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Design
dotnet aspnet-codegenerator identity -dc WebApp1.Data.ApplicationDbContext --files "Account.Register;Account.Login;Account.Logout;Account.RegisterConfirmation"

When using SQLite, append --useSqLite or -sqlite:

dotnet aspnet-codegenerator identity -dc WebApp1.Data.ApplicationDbContext --files "Account.Register;Account.Login;Account.Logout;Account.RegisterConfirmation" --useSqLite

PowerShell uses semicolon as a command separator. When using PowerShell, escape the semicolons in the file list or put the file list in double quotes, as the preceding example shows.

For more information on scaffolding Identity, see Scaffold identity into a Razor project with authorization.

Examine Register

When a user clicks the Register button on the Register page, the RegisterModel.OnPostAsync action is invoked. The user is created by xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.UserManager%601.CreateAsync(%600) on the _userManager object:

[!code-csharp]

[!INCLUDE]

Log in

The Login form is displayed when:

  • The Log in link is selected.
  • A user attempts to access a restricted page that they aren't authorized to access or when they haven't been authenticated by the system.

When the form on the Login page is submitted, the OnPostAsync action is called. PasswordSignInAsync is called on the _signInManager object.

[!code-csharp]

For information on how to make authorization decisions, see xref:security/authorization/introduction.

Log out

The Log out link invokes the LogoutModel.OnPost action.

[!code-csharp]

In the preceding code, the code return RedirectToPage(); needs to be a redirect so that the browser performs a new request and the identity for the user gets updated.

xref:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.SignInManager%601.SignOutAsync%2A clears the user's claims stored in a cookie.

Post is specified in the Pages/Shared/_LoginPartial.cshtml:

[!code-cshtml]

Test Identity

The default web project templates allow anonymous access to the home pages. To test Identity, add [Authorize]:

[!code-csharp]

If you are signed in, sign out. Run the app and select the Privacy link. You are redirected to the login page.

Explore Identity

To explore Identity in more detail:

Identity Components

All the Identity-dependent NuGet packages are included in the ASP.NET Core shared framework.

The primary package for Identity is Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity. This package contains the core set of interfaces for ASP.NET Core Identity, and is included by Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.EntityFrameworkCore.

Migrating to ASP.NET Core Identity

For more information and guidance on migrating your existing Identity store, see Migrate Authentication and Identity.

Setting password strength

See Configuration for a sample that sets the minimum password requirements.

Prevent publish of static Identity assets

To prevent publishing static Identity assets (stylesheets and JavaScript files for Identity UI) to the web root, add the following ResolveStaticWebAssetsInputsDependsOn property and RemoveIdentityAssets target to the app's project file:

<PropertyGroup>
  <ResolveStaticWebAssetsInputsDependsOn>RemoveIdentityAssets</ResolveStaticWebAssetsInputsDependsOn>
</PropertyGroup>

<Target Name="RemoveIdentityAssets">
  <ItemGroup>
    <StaticWebAsset Remove="@(StaticWebAsset)" Condition="%(SourceId) == 'Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.UI'" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Target>

Next Steps

:::moniker-end